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Apple recently phased out MySQL in favor of PostgreSQL. There are still valid reasons why we might prefer MySQL, such as compatibility with legacy code.

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The maximum version of Mac OS X, OS X, or macOS supported by each G3 and later Mac follows. For complete specs on a particular system, click the name of the Mac. For all Macs that are compatible with a specifc maximum supported version of Mac OS X - courtesy of EveryMac.com's Ultimate Mac Sort - click the OS of interest. The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system originally named Mac OS X until 2012 and then OS X until 2016, began with the company's project to replace its 'classic' Mac OS.That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9, was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Macintosh computers since their introduction in 1984. Black and White Version, runnable on Mini vMac, Basilisk and SheepShaver, from Mac OS 5.x (included on disk) to 9.2. Program written on 800k floppy disk. Color Version 1.5 runnable on Basilisk with Mac OS 7.x, and possibly others as well. The second disk is only necessary for color and for the talking functionality.

Here are my instructions on how to install MySQL as a permanent service on OS X. These instructions work with or without OS X Server installed. For the most part, installation is straightforward, but read this carefully because there are gotchas where it comes to file permissions.

I’ve tested these instructions several times on OS X 10.11 El Capitan and 10.10 Yosemite. I think these instructions will probably work on 10.8 Mountain Lion and 10.9 Mavericks.

Backup your MySQL databases.

NumberMaze (Mac abandonware from 1988) To date, Macintosh Repository served 1438727 old Mac files, totaling more than 285566.3GB!

You want to back up your MySQL databases before doing a OS X upgrade. The easiest way is to create a mysqldump file. Databases can also be restored from data files, but this is harder and I don’t recommend it.

Install or upgrade OS X.

According to your plan.

Download Xcode from the App store and install the command line tools.

Xcode is a dependency for Homebrew, which uses Xcode’s gcc compiler to compile everything from source. Once you have Xcode installed, you need to install the command line tools for the gcc compiler to work. From Terminal:

Check the systemwide PATH variable.

Open a Terminal window:

Make sure that /usr/local/bin occurs before /usr/bin. If they don’t, then you need to change this order. Edit /etc/pathsusing vi or your favorite text editor. I love and use TextWrangler. Close your Terminal window and open a new Terminal window for this change to take effect.

Obtain Homebrew.

Homebrew is a great package manager for OS X that installs everything in /usr/local/binand does not require sudo.It then symlinks to the expected locations so that the packages can find one another. Because the packages are centralized in the Cellar, they are easily updated and removed.

Fix any problems that Homebrew detects.

Follow brew doctor‘s instructions. brew doctor usually complains about Xcode. If I’m guessing the error correctly, here is the solution that brew doctor will suggest (assuming OS X 10.10 – note the version since this affects what you will type into Terminal):

Run brew doctor again. Continue to follow brew doctor‘s instructions until it tells you that “Your system is ready to brew.”

Install MySQL.

Homebrew has just installed MySQL to run under the current user, which is not what we want for our server, but we will get to that in a moment. First, we will test the mysqld service to see if it launches. In newer versions of MySQL, the command to launch the service is $ mysql.server start.

Modify the .plist file to improve logging.

Using vi or your favorite text editor, modify the .plist file.

Add these lines within the <dict> block:

Set up the MySQL service to launch at boot time as part of a server.

Homebrew’s instructions, which I asked you to ignore, would have installed a LaunchAgent for your current user account, so that the mysqld service would start whenever you logged in. This would work great for a personal development machine, but it’s not not ideal for a server.

For a server, what we want is for mysqld to start up at boot time by the root account. So, we need to make two changes:

1. the .plist must link into /Library/LaunchDaemons and have the appropriate permissions to be launched by root.
2. the mysql database files in /usr/local/var/mysql must all be owned by _mysql. You might wonder why the owner must be_mysql, since the server starts up as root. This is because whenever mysqld detects that it is being run as root, the process steps down to user _mysql as a security measure. This is typical behavior for services. Apache, for example, steps down to user _www.

Open a Terminal window, and enter:

Important: Now that mysql belongs to root, do not run the $ mysql.server command again! Don’t do it. This will result in an aborted launch with permissions errors. You will need to delete the resulting .pid files in /usr/local/var/mysql before mysqld will be able to run again, even as root. Again, don’t do it.

Verify that the MySQL service starts up at boot time.

We will reboot the server machine. At boot time, launchctl should load our modified .plist and run mysqld. We will then run the mysql command from Terminal to interface with the mysqld service and verify that it’s running.

After the machine restarts, re-enter Terminal and type:

If the mysql command fails, then we know that either the LaunchDaemon didn’t kick in, or that mysqld failed to start successfully. Again, if this happens it is usually because of a permissions issue. To troubleshoot, check the log files at:

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Restore your MySQL databases.

A full dump from a recent version of MySQL should successfully restore all databases plus the privilege table, which controls users. If there are problems with the privilege table after restoring, then edit out the privilege table from your mysql dump file, and re-create your users manually using a tool like phpmyadmin.

I hope this post helped someone. Happy monkeying!

Upgrade to macOS Big Sur

Before installing this upgrade, make sure that your Mac is ready.

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Check compatibility

macOS Big Sur supports most Mac models introduced in 2013 and later.

Make a backup

Before you upgrade, make a complete backup with Time Machine, or store your files in iCloud.

Free up space

If the installer needs more storage space to upgrade, you can free up space using tools that come with your Mac.

Download macOS Big Sur

If you’re using macOS Mojave or later, choose Apple menu  > System Preferences, then click Software Update. If you’re using an earlier macOS, use the App Store instead.

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Get to know macOS Big Sur

Learn about some of the new features of macOS Big Sur.

Control Center

Control Center brings favorite controls such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Do Not Disturb, and Sound together in a single place—so you can easily adjust them at any time.

Notification Center

Notification Center puts notifications and>

Safari

Customize your start page, navigate with ease using the new tab bar, and access a new privacy report to see just how Safari protects your privacy as you browse.

Maps

Discover great places around the world and navigate easier with guides, cycling directions, indoor maps, Look Around, electric vehicle routing, and more.

Messages

Send messages to friends and family using new tools that make it easier to keep track of group conversations and give you fun, engaging ways to express yourself.

Photos

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Use the expanded editing capabilities in Photos to easily make simple changes and more advanced adjustments to your photos.

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